Aerodynamic drag: the force exerted on an object in motion relative to the air it is moving through.

Caliper brakes: a brake consisting of two brake blocks which are drawn towards each other through a central pivot and which grip the rim of the wheel.

Chainring: a large toothed ring (part of the chainset) that drives the chain via the pedals and cranks.

Chainset: the setup comprising the chainwheels, chainring, chain and rear sprocket.

Cogwheel: a less commonly used term for a sprocket.

Cranks: arms which drive the chainwheels. Cranks are bolted to the crankshaft.

Crankshaft: axle to which the cranks are attached.

Derailleur: mechanism which moves the chain from one chainring or sprocket to another.

Fatigue life: time taken to weaken a material subjected to stress

Finite elemental modelling (FEM): data used to model a particular property using computer software, for example, analysing load throughout the monocoque structure.

Flush mounted instrumentation: instrumentation is positioned evenly or level with the surface to avoid aerodynamic drag.

Frps: Fibre reinforced plastics. Thermosetting plastic composite usually combining a resin with a fibre reinforcement such as glass filament or carbon fibre.

Gear: mechanism on a bike that changes its rate of motion; low gears make it harder to pedal, while high gears make it easier.

Modal analysis: a tool for non-destructive inspection and quality control.

Monocoque: a hollow shell frame with no additional core material.
(mono: one; coque: shell)

Optimisation: process of enhancing or capitalising on the best features or qualities.

Spokes: arms inside a wheel rim that link the hub to the wheel rim.

Sprocket: rear cog, normally a smaller toothed ring, which fits onto the rear wheel; also called a cog or cogwheel.

Tooling: the equipment for a particular job.

Track bike: bike with a 'fixed' single-speed gear and no brakes.

Validated: confirmed or substantiated.

Velodrome: banked bicycle racing track.