Monthly Archive for November, 2007

Carbon neutral lives

Sustainability is the hot topic, with people worried about green everything and we are going to hear a lot leading into the election this year about environmental issues and solutions. The big push around the world is toward carbon neutral activities.

A quick search for “carbon neutral” on the net got around 1.5 million responses, from scientific papers, companies advertising themselves as carbon neutral and those offering to help you be carbon neutral. So what exactly is carbon neutral – that’s harder to find because there are many different ways to talk about carbon neutral.

The first looks at the things you do, works out how much carbon dioxide those things release and finds away to lock away that much carbon. This is not zero emission.

In the house the largest item of energy use is electricity. This is an easy one – even when you aren’t able to install your own renewable energy source like wind turbine or solar voltaics you can ensure your supplier gives you energy from renewable sources. All you need to do is tell your supplier that you want them to supply you with Green Power – from a guaranteed renewable source.

But the other big energy user for families and businesses is transport, fuel for cars. It is not so easy to source a renewable source of petrol, and let’s face it very few people are in a position to make new car purchases very often, but if you are then consider fuel efficiency in your purchase. But even without a new car you can save plenty of petrol and therefore dollars and CO2 by the way you drive – check this out.

Fortunately we can pay a little extra to have organisations do things for us to offset our emissions. Some will plant trees; others invest in renewable energy technologies.

Events like Peats Ridge festival last summer became entirely carbon neutral, using renewable energy, ensuring that suppliers trucks are fueled by Bio-diesel, even making sure that the plastic in disposable cutlery is from biological sources rather than petro-chemicals.

Sometimes it is easier to do it on the large scale of a festival or concert tour than it seems as a householder or small business. So what can we do?

Well reduce, reuse and recycle are still the best words to consider but lets ad re-pair and re-source

Reduce – because every dollar you spend produces emissions, no matter how careful we are in every other aspect buying things means they have to be made.

Reuse – Because everything you don’t throw out is one less thing to replace, think the “Green Bag”.

Recycle – considered carefully recycling offers serious environmental savings – recycling 1 aluminium can saves the electricity of 3 hrs of television watching.

Repair – our throw away society has become the nemesis of CO2, transport of waste, the release of CO2 and methane as materials break down, production of new materials, all add significantly to our emissions.

Resource – find new less polluting ways of getting things. Source food locally where possible and buy things in season. Buy Green electricity from your supplier.

Green power is the obvious choice to ensure your electricity is carbon neutral.

Finally robots might build themselves

http://www.microway.com.au/catalog/ontime/rtos-32.stm
http://www.microway.com.au/catalog/ontime/rtos-32.stm

The latest New Scientist magazine reports on advances in robotics that allow robots to sense when they have hit someone (or something) and the researchers tested it on themselves – allowing industrial robots to hit them in the body and head.

ISAAC ASIMOV must be turning in his grave. In blatant contravention of the sci-fi writer’s first law of robotics(2), Sami Haddadin’s robot regularly hits him in the face.

One of the dangers of robot workers has been their inability to detect a collision, or to correct for that collision. German researchers have put torque sensors into the joints of these robots which allows them to detect when extra effort is required -interpreting this as a collision- and to reverse or freeze in place.

The technology will also allow robots greater flexibility to deal with novel situations, freeing them to work more closely with human colleagues. It also means that there is greater flexibility to have robots enter work spaces other than factories, in homes and offices for example.

With a little imagination and fine tuning we might all have a robot running around our desks.

References
(1) www.newscientist.com
(2) www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/SOS/Asimov

Prize for Slime Mould Model of Mitochondrial Disease

Plasmodial stage of slime mould
Plasmodial stage of a slime mould © B. Fuhrer (2)

This months Australasian Science Magazine(1) reports that Professor Paul Fisher of La Trobe University has been awarded the 2007 Australasian Science Prize for discovering how an alarm protein that senses energy can cause cellular damage in mitochondrial diseases.

Mitochondria are the organelles that produce energy within cells.(3)
Mitochondrial diseases result from a reduced capacity of the mitochondria to release energy for cells in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)(4). Mitochondrial defects play a central role in major neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s(5), Parkinson’s(6) and Huntington’s(7).

Over 15 years Professor Fisher has studied the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum (nicknamed ‘Dicty’) as a genetic model for understanding how malfunctioning mitochondria lead to diseases. In a May 2007 paper in Molecular Biology of the Cell, he and postgraduate colleagues upturned a long-held belief that these diseases were the consequences of an insufficient supply of ATP that led to dysfunction and ultimately the death of cells. Instead, a protein called AMPK warns of an impending loss of energy and immediately takes remedial action by stimulating the production of more energy while shutting down energy-consuming processes such as the growth and division of cells.

Professor Fisher explains: “As in human cells, AMPK in Dicty stimulates the proliferation of mitochondria and the production of energy. However, the ongoing activity of AMPK in mitochondrially diseased Dicty cells permanently impairs growth and development”. Similarities between these cellular processes and the genetic makeup of Dicty and humans led him to believe that the AMPK alarm behaves likewise in humans. He says: “This may provide a way to treat these currently incurable diseases”.

Now in its eighth year, the Australasian Science Prize provides priceless recognition for scientific originality, breadth of impact and communication to both the scientific and broader communities in the preceding 12 months.

(1) AUSTRALASIAN SCIENCE MAGAZINE.
(2) www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/publications/fungi/plasmodium-slime-mould
(3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrion
(4) www.bristol.ac.uk/Depts/Chemistry/MOTM/atp/atp1
(5) www.alzheimers.org.au/
(6) www.parkinsons.org.au/
(7) www.ahda.asn.au/

1 194 600 elephants

Dave Shlafman has created a great video to get people thinking about climate change.

Pascals’ wager applied to climate change

Pascal’s climate change wager

In case you haven’t seen it yet there is a video out there which applies Pascall’s wager to the climate change scenarios. See it here.

Now just as for Pascal’s wager regarding the best course of action to take with respect to the reality of God, there are a number of limits to this way of thinking about climate change, mostly to do with the extent of the threat and the cost of action. But unlike the God case where God presumably knows your thoughts and would be aware that your “conversion” is just a best bet, climate change, or the environment, is unaware.

The science indicates this is a real threat, but even if we are acting to limit risk the benefits will be real.

Shigetada Nakanishi receives $500,000 Gruber Neuroscience Prize

Nerve cells protruding processes
www.obi.or.jp

Over the last forty years, Shigetada Nakanishi has unraveled many of the molecular secrets that underpin the function of the human nervous system. His work has created new tools for researchers, and new drug targets for pharmacologists.

Today at 2.30 pm he will receive the Gruber Neuroscience Prize at the Society for Neuroscience conference in San Diego. In the 2007 Gruber Lecture he will address the fundamental question of how synaptic transmission is regulated and integrated in the neural network.

A full understanding of the workings of the human brain is still decades or more away. But Shigetada Nakanishi’s work is bringing it closer. He is an unusual researcher who has both created sophisticated tools to help us investigate the brain, and used these tools to make remarkable discoveries about the molecular processes used throughout the nervous system: our senses, movement control, cognition, learning, memory and much more.

Nakanishi’s achievements include:

1. Expressing genes in frog eggs to find new genes and proteins associated with brain function
2. Using this technique to identify receptors in the membranes of neurons that trigger the biochemical
steps that lead to learning, memory and vision
3. Understanding how some of these proteins act in the “electrical” circuits formed between neurons.

The Neuroscience Prize honors leading scientists for distinguished contributions in the fields of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. The Foundation’s other international prizes are in Cosmology, Genetics, Justice, and Women’s Rights.



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