In 1840 the colony of New South Wales was well on the way to making the transition from penal colony to civil society. That year saw the end of convict transportation. Over the previous decade nearly 60 per cent of those migrating to the colony were free settlers.

Louisa Anne Meredith was one of these people. She arrived from England in 1839 having married her cousin Charles, who owned a sheep station near Bathurst. Meredith was a writer, poet and artist who upon arriving in the colony began observing and recording her new society. She noted with disapproval the strong division along gender lines among the middle and upper classes. Men concerned themselves primarily with business and sport while women attended to domestic matters and fashion. Class distinctions were enforced with a rigorous set of codes for behaviour and status symbols such as fashionable dress and grand houses. In 1844 her observations on colonial society, 'Notes and Sketches of New South Wales', were published in London.

Meredith moved to Tasmania in 1840 and over the following decades became one of Australia's most renowned nature artists, writing and illustrating several books based on Australian plants and animals. In his book, 'European Vision and the South Pacific', the art historian Bernard Smith has identified Meredith as one of the four most 'notable' picturesque artists of the 1840s. This fine pencil drawn panorama of Sydney Harbour is signed and dated 'L.A. Meredith 1840'. Completed on seven pieces of artist's drawing paper, it is an important rare early work from a prominent Australian woman artist.

From the vantage point of the peninsular in the Domain known as Mrs Macquarie's Chair, Meredith has depicted in detail the features of the harbour. The signal station of Dawes Point, Fort Macquarie and several ships can be seen on the far left, Shark and Garden Islands and the rocky outcrop that would later accommodate Fort Denison appear in front, while to the right is Potts Point and the ridge of Woolloomooloo Hill lined with large houses. Meredith carefully named most of these features. Her reference to the mansion Grantham as 'Tea Cannister Castle' is indicative of her disapproval of the showiness of colonial society. Indeed it is possible that this drawing was intended as an illustration for her notes on New South Wales.

Louisa Anne Meredith was born in Birmingham, England in 1812. She is said to have contributed to the Chartist press in the wake of the 1832 Reform Act. Before emigrating to Australia with her husband Charles in 1839, she wrote and illustrated several books of poetry and stories relating to flowers. She lived in Sydney for a year and spent much of that time making notes on society and the landscape for her subsequent commentary 'Notes and Sketches of New South Wales', published in 1844. It was during her residence in Sydney that she went to Mrs Macquarie's Point at the end of the Domain to draw the panorama. It is highly probable that this drawing was intended to be included in the publication 'Notes and Sketches'.

Meredith moved to Tasmania in 1840. Over the next 55 years she completed numerous works including travelogues and observations on the society, landscape, flora and fauna of Tasmania. She also wrote poetry and children's books. In recognition of her contribution to natural science, Meredith was made an honorary fellow of the Royal Society of Tasmania. She was also awarded medals for botanical illustration at exhibitions in London 1862; Melbourne 1866 and 1881; Sydney 1870 and 1875 and Calcutta in 1884. She died in 1895.

Meredith is recognised as a significant colonial artist and interpreter of the Australian environment. As an exponent of botanical illustrations and paintings, Bernard Smith places her amongst the four most important picturesque artists of the 1840s - alongside Conrad Martens, J.S. Prout and George French Angas. With her younger contemporary, Ellis Rowan, she pioneered the genre of the 'sentimental flower book' in Australia.

This work has remained in the artist's family until recently when it was purchased by Hordern House.

Pencil drawing, framed panorama of Sydney Harbour, paper/wood/perspex, Louisa Anne Meredith, Australia, 1840
This is a very fine, annotated and highly detailed pencil panorama of Sydney Harbour from Mrs Macquarie's Point. It is finished on unfolded sheets of art paper, presumably from Meredith's sketchbook. The paper stamp is visible on the lower right. It has a modern wood and perspex frame.
To the left of the drawing is Fort Macquarie at the end of Bennelong Point. Behind this there is a detailed drawing of the 'Signal Flagstaff and Battery' of Dawes Point. Behind this, again, Meredith has depicted the tops of several ships' masts and referred to 'Darling Harbour Behind'. The entrance to the Parramatta River is also noted. In this part of the Harbour the artist has drawn several vessels, two of which, the HMS Druid and Herald, are named.
Much of the panorama presents the still bushy expanse of the North Shore with various buildings dotted along the shore and escarpments. Garden Island and Shark Island feature in the centre of the picture. The rocky outcrop of Pinchgut is noted as the site on which a 'fort is now erecting'. This was to be Fort Denison. The lighthouse at South Head is depicted and named.
To the right of the panorama is the ridge of Woolloomooloo Hill with fine villas and windmills. As a member of 'genteel society', Meredith has taken care in the detailing of specific mansions on the Hill which she describes as 'the Regent's Park of Sydney'. The most elaborate villa, Grantham, is described as the 'Tea Cannister Castle'.
The drawing is signed and dated on the lower right; 'L.A. Meredith N.S.W. 1840'.

Made: Meredith, Louisa Anne; Sydney; 1840

signed and dated l.l. "L.A. Meredith 1840"

97/279/1

1840

420 mm

1843 mm

30 mm